Summarize+the+Principles+of+Text+and+Graphics


 * 1) ====The learner must focus on key graphics and words in the lesson to select what will be processed. ====
 * 2) ====At the opposite extreme, lessons that use only text fail to exploit the use of relevant graphics, which are proven to increase learning. ====
 * 3) ====There are meta-analyses showing that adding graphics to text is more effective for low-knowledge learners than for high-knowledge learners. ====
 * 4) ====Learning will be just as effective from good textual explanations as from text plus graphics . ====
 * 5) ====There are many examples of e-learning environments that contain window after window of text and more text. Some may even have graphics that decorate the page, but do not help you understand the text . ====
 * 6) ==== Use Words and Graphics Rather ThanWords Alone - Evidence for whether learning is improved ine-lessons that include visuals. ====
 * 7)  Present Words as Audio Narration Rather than On-Screen Text - Evidence for presenting words that describegraphics in audio rather than in text.
 * 8) ==== Explain Visuals with Words in Audio ORText - Evidence for use of audio to explain graphics ratherthan text and audio. ====
 * 9) ====Who received narration and graphics performed better on solving transfer problems than did students who received on-screen text and graphics. ====
 * 10) ====We feel confident in recommending the use of spoken rather than printed words in multimedia messages containing graphics with related descriptive words. ====
 * 11) ==== Avoid Separation of Text and Graphics on Scrolling Screens - This particular problemcan be remedied by integrating text and visuals on a scrolling screenfixed screen displays can beused when it is important to see the text and graphic together ====
 * 12) ==== Avoid Simultaneous Display of Animations and Related Text - A better solution is to present the text for reading and instruct the learner to press a play button to view the animation after reading. ====
 * 13) ==== Align Text & Words to Corresponding Graphics - we recommend that corresponding graphics and spoken words be presented at the same time. ====